Balanced lifestyles are defined as "a consistent pattern of activities that reduce stress and improve health and wellness". The idea that a balanced lifestyle leads to health and wellness has been prevalent for centuries. Aristotle described human flourishing in a context of life's activities that were virtuous and balanced with one's interests, goals, values, and abilities. Hippocrates, and later Galen, each argued that emotions affect physical health. These ideas continued until the Middle Ages. Teachings from the belief systems of Chinese medicine and the Native Americans argue that maintaining health requires a balance between thoughts, feelings and actions, as well as the physical and social environment in which people live, provide both opportunities and challenges to meet needs and maintain wellness. In modern Western cultures, daily living patterns are associated with modern forms of paid work and an emphasis on recreation, resulting in health problems related to sedentary life. At all times, however, prosperity and happiness can be promoted by patterns of occupation that reflect a satisfying relationship between ourselves, others, and the environment.
Lifestyle imbalances
In the general population, lifestyle imbalances are often experienced as difficult to meet due to perceived or real time constraints. These limitations determine people's ability to satisfy important personal or social needs to a sufficient degree and lead individuals to adaptive behaviors and stress. Examples of adaptive reactions to time pressure include work interruptions, modern strategies for accomplishing many tasks simultaneously, and time management seminars. Time management strategies include the use of modern inventions such as laptops, mobile phones and various other personal digital assistants.
Lifestyle imbalances can be experienced as anxiety, fatigue, or drowsiness that results from poor sleep, or the perception that one has too little rest or leisure, or insufficient time for meaningful socializing with family and friends. The latter condition has given rise to the western expression of 'quality time', which results from the use of time in a satisfying, meaningful experience or superior quality of life. Thus, an unbalanced lifestyle can be described as one where important needs are not met, there are either too many or too few role demands, where time is insufficiently used to meet the demands of daily occupations and daily occupations are not essential , productive, pleasant or not meeting rehabilitation needs.
An extreme form of imbalance can be imposed by the environment or other external forces. The term "deprivation of employment" is used to describe the imbalance that occurs when people are unable to participate in meaningful occupations for extended periods of time due to factors beyond their control. Deprivation of employment can result from social and geographic isolation, economic constraints, cultural differences, and socio-political conditions resulting from repression or conflict. Unemployment, retirement, incarceration, disability, forced displacement (including homeless and refugees) and living in remote areas such as Antarctica are examples of deprivation conditions that put a person at high risk for a lifestyle with imbalance.
In addition, there are some personal circumstances that reflect informal patterns of concern and should be considered de facto indicators of lifestyle imbalance. These include workaholism, occupational exhaustion, being present at work under illness, insomnia and sleep disorders, obesity and circadian rhythm dysfunction or jet lag syndrome. The literature on each of these conditions is extensive and studies have shown that they are associated with stress and negative health effects.
Modern lifestyle and illness
The Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2020 predicts that the majority of diseases worldwide in the year 2020 may be directly or indirectly related to lifestyle. Some of these diseases
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